User-based relocation for e-bike sharing systems through power-level recommendation

We develop a user-incentive mechanism with power-level recommendations to complement staff-based relocation for e-bike sharing system operation. We formulate a multi-battery-state Markov model and devise a variable neighborhood search algorithm. Empirical validation on real-world data demonstrates profit gains of up to 12.6%.

DOI: 10.1109/TITS.2025.3564359

Recommended citation: R. Guan, Zeyu Lin, Y. Zhou, and Z. Zhu. (2025). "User-based relocation for e-bike sharing systems through power-level recommendation." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. doi: 10.1109/TITS.2025.3564359.
Download Paper